
\begin{table}[!htbp] \centering 
  \caption{Association between opening an overdose prevention center and public safety, pre-trend controls} 
  \label{TableDiD_safetypretrends} 
\small 
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{-2pt}}lcccccccc} 
 \hline 
\hline   

& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Crime} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Law enforcement} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Calls for service} 
               \\ \cmidrule(lr){2-3}  \cmidrule(lr){4-6} \cmidrule(lr){7-9} 
& Violent & Property & \thead{Weapons \\ arrests} & \thead{Drug \\ arrests} 
                & \thead{Criminal \\ summons} & \thead{Crime \\ 911 calls} 
                & \thead{Medical \\ 911 calls} & \thead{Nuisance \\ calls}  \\
  & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (8)\\ 
\hline   
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\footnotesize \textit{A. Immediate vicinity}} \\
 Treat*Post & $-$0.20 & $-$0.10 & $-$0.86 & $-$1.77$^{***}$ & $-$2.16$^{***}$ & $-$0.38 & $-$0.62 & 0.09 \\ 
  & (0.16) & (0.11) & (0.44) & (0.33) & (0.24) & (0.34) & (0.41) & (0.16) \\ 
\hline
Percent change & -17.9\% &  -9.7\% & -57.7\% & -83.0\% & -88.5\% & -31.8\% & -46.2\% &   9.8\% \\ 
95\% CI & -40.5\%,  13.2\% & -27.1\%,  11.9\% & -82.2\%,   0.5\% & -91.0\%, -67.7\% & -92.8\%, -81.6\% & -64.9\%,  32.6\% & -76.0\%,  20.5\% & -19.8\%,  50.3\% \\ 
Mean & 7.7 & 3.1 & 1.0 & 17.9 & 4.9 & 152.0 & 90.4 & 26.0 \\ 
Observations & 912 & 912 & 912 & 912 & 912 & 912 & 912 & 912 \\ 
\hline
\hline
\multicolumn{8}{l}{\footnotesize \textit{B. Neighborhood}} \\
  Treat*Post & $-$0.29 & $-$0.21$^{*}$ & $-$1.24$^{***}$ & $-$1.35$^{***}$ & $-$0.86$^{***}$ & $-$0.19$^{***}$ & $-$0.43$^{*}$ & $-$0.18 \\ 
  & (0.18) & (0.09) & (0.29) & (0.34) & (0.24) & (0.06) & (0.18) & (0.21) \\ 
\hline
Percent change & -24.9\% & -19.1\% & -71.0\% & -74.0\% & -57.5\% & -17.6\% & -34.7\% & -16.7\% \\ 
95\% CI & -46.9\%,   6.1\% & -32.5\%,  -2.9\% & -83.6\%, -48.9\% & -86.7\%, -49.0\% & -73.6\%, -31.5\% & -26.4\%,  -7.7\% & -54.3\%,  -6.7\% & -44.9\%,  25.8\% \\ 
Mean & 4.9 & 2.3 & 0.8 & 9.0 & 2.7 & 141.1 & 69.6 & 31.4 \\ 
Observations & 2,736 & 2,736 & 2,544 & 2,736 & 2,736 & 2,736 & 2,736 & 2,736 \\ 
\hline 
\hline   
\multicolumn{9}{l} {\parbox[t]{22.5cm}{ \scriptsize Notes: 
Difference-in-differences Poisson regression estimates on the association of public safety and
the opening of the overdose prevention centers. The specifications include hexagon and month-year 
fixed effects and controls for two four-month bin pre-intervention indicator variables as follows:
$y_{it} = \omega_i + \sigma_t + \sum_{\tau=-2}^{-3}\beta_{0\tau}D_{it} + \beta_1D_{it} + e_{it}$. 
Robust standard errors clustered at the hexagon level in parentheses. 
POST is an indicator for whether a given observation occurs after December, 2021 when the 2 safe 
injection sites were opened to the public. TREAT is an indicator for whether a hexagon contains 
one of the 2 OPCs as opposed to a comparison unit. Hence, the table shows the coefficient on the 
interaction between POST and TREAT, which is the estimated difference-in-differences intervention effect.
Violent crimes include murder, robbery, and aggravated and simple assault. 
Property crimes include burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft. Weapons refer to 
criminal possession of a weapon. Drugs mean the sale or possession of dangerous drugs. 
Crime 911 calls refer to those made to law enforcement where there was a possible crime 
in-progress or one has been committed. Medical calls include those needing an ambulance. 
Nuisance calls include 911 calls for trespass and 311 calls about homelessness 
(assisting a homeless person, encampment, and homeless street condition) and disorder 
(seeing a rodent, graffiti, dirty and unsanitary conditions, drug and drinking activity, 
urinating in public, and those 311 calls under the New York Police Department jurisdiction 
such as an abandoned vehicle and noise complaint). Panel A examines the 
immediate vicinity (a single hexagon around the site). Panel B inspects the neighborhood 
(three hexagons surrounding the site). The bottom rows exhibit the percentage change 
(incidence rate ratio - 1 = exp($\beta$)-1), followed by the 95 percent
confidence interval, and the pre-intervention mean count crime on the neighborhoods with OPCs and 
the number of observations. $^{*}$p$<$0.05; $^{**}$p$<$0.01; $^{***}$p$<$0.001. }} \
\end{tabular} 
\end{table} 
